Among Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese and Chinese community there is still a taboo on homosexuality. Religion is thereby not the determining factor. Striking given that occurs regularly among Turkish and Surinamese men having sex with men. According to the SCP report Increasingly common, but never ordinary.
Farewell to my Concubine
Mati, gritimeid, preti Plata (flat plates) so called lesbians in Suriname. But in Suriname, these terms not so much of an identity alswel for a sexual practice. The mati (today it also means "friend", ed.) Are not outcast. Their sex life is pretty and sex with women can go with it. It is a remarkable phenomenon in the Surinamese community. In none of such a big role there is played by indigenous or immigrant communities examined in this report for the vrouweniefde.
Gay shall be designated boelers and Gomman (ass guy), but a common term for gay men do not seem to exist, say some of the respondents in the survey. Which does not mean that homosexuality does not exist, on the contrary says one interviewee. He even thinks that three quarters of the Surinamese men is bisexual. "All my best friends have done it with me when I came out. Because you already liked. 2006 study confirms this: 60% of the Surinamese men would have had homosexual contacts. Probably these men like mati no gay or lesbian in the Dutch sense of the word. Homo- and heterosexual contacts exist. That may explain why there are few anti-gay violence exists in the Surinamese community. Surinamese also believe that sexual orientation is someone's private matter, 'It's your business, not molest me with that. "
Gay in the Bijlmer
At the same time there was in the 80s in the Bijlmer have a black subculture for mati and boelers and there was a black gay movement. That gay movement has not put himself. Although there have since arisen many small-scale initiatives. The Surinamese gay men see the COC nor an organization where they feel at home. The Surinamese gays find that the white gay scene is too focused on sex and the gay movement too confrontational. Furthermore, the government-controlled gay emancipation Surinamese against - that is perceived as coercion - making a Surinamese gay emancipation movement does not come from the ground.
Urban and Christian
The racially mixed groups within the Surinamese community turn out to be the most open to homosexuality. Hindustani and Javanese, whatever their faith, much more difficulty with homosexuality. About Maroons No information available. Yet there is to perceive a change in the Surinamese community in the Netherlands. Homosexuality is still Horticultural subject you do not explicitly speak, but this is less than before. Two developments can bring about to change in a negative sense: the urban culture and Christian movements such as Rove and Bakkaman which explicitly condemn homosexuality.
resignation
Zeml is called a boy in the Moroccan community that is being taken. Moroccan youths in the news because of name-calling and harassing behavior towards homosexuals. The report stresses, however, that these anti-gay sentiments less to do with religion have alswel with Cover Gay and Muslim - Omar Nahass male-oriented culture that exists within the Moroccan community. Only in recent years, there are orthodox Muslims who make a link with Islam. For the Moroccan community seems to be the case with the imam El Moumni, who spoke in a NOVA broadcast against homosexuality, to have been a turning point. On one hand, the topic was put on the agenda, on the other hand were Moroccans or Muslims portrayed as gay haters and would therefor supposedly justified by the Koran. " But there is a perceptible change within the Moroccan community, some call it a resignation. "We know it's happening, even as a Muslim you may be so, but it must be handled discreetly with it." This means that you should keep private homosexuality and this clashes with the culture of freedom that exists in the Netherlands for gay people to express their identity.
Coming out of Moroccan heterosexuals
A potential obstacle to further acceptance of homosexuality is the current integration debate, making people feel attacked and withdraw into their own circle, according to the respondents. "Everyone withdraws. They will reject each other's culture and ridicule. " Even highly educated people may feel frustrated and out rebound conservative. These are processes that are gay emancipation in the way.
Self-help organizations of little help then expected. Until 2003, there were all kinds of immigrant initiatives aimed at the gay rights movement, but lost by the professionalism, they bond with their target audience. Native professionals startled Moroccan gay men back off because of their explicit approach. Moroccan homosexuals were for that reason little Affiliations if the COC.
For the time being remain Moroccan gay and certainly lesbians invisible. This is not only because of shame or fear, but above all with consideration. They do not want to embarrass their parents and families, so that they actually are in a stranglehold. The hope is now focused on coming out of famous Moroccan Dutch heterosexuals who speak out for tolerance towards homosexuals.
Turkish macho culture
The Surinamese and Turkish community seem to have some similarities when it comes to sex with a sex partner. As Surinamese men also appear regularly Turkish men having gay sex even though they say they find it "dirty." As in the Surinamese community such a sharp distinction is not between gay and straight as in the Netherlands. What is important in a macho culture that exists within the Turkish community, or you're fucked if you penetrate the other. A 'ibne (niece or flicker) lets assume.
The Turkish community is a fairly closed community. This leads to a great social pressure on one side allows Turkish boys derail less, on the other hand, boys or girls who are homosexual are less connection to the Dutch society, let alone a gay scene. The Turkish community is also diverse, and thus its views on homosexuality. Alevis are so much more liberal in sexual matters than other Turks, but they have also turn depends on training and origin (whether or not the country). Kurdish Turks are once again traditional than ordinary Turks and set according to one respondent their children who are gay or lesbian are just down the street. Langzamaan Turkish Dutch courage to identify themselves as gay anyway. They are "escinsel (same-sex); it is a more neutral word than ibne.
Satellite dishes
The Turkish community as a whole is much more conservative than the Turks in Turkey when it comes to gay and lesbians. Istanbul is now even referred to as gay capital. Several artists, fashion designers stabbing their orientation not hide. Yesterday demonstrated homosexuals for equal rights in Turkey. Via satellite dishes that are coming outs Turkish living in and they might open doors in this way for homosexuals who dare not come out of the closet.
These interim report makes mention of the infighting and misconceptions that exist between immigrant and native organizations dealing with gay emancipation. The subsidy flows sometimes prove to be a point of contention. So it's up to the complaint to the COC that their activities are inspired more by getting the inside of subsidies to keep running the organization, you actually want to do something for the audience. Although this is changing, say some respondents. Like the Dutch Moroccan, Turkish interviewees make mention of the fact that Turkish Dutch response to be rather conservative by today's Muslim debate regarding certain issues than progressive. "The constant denunciation of Islam and Muslims to blame everything wrong creates dissatisfaction and resentment in the Netherlands. In 1990 there were nearly as many scarves as in 2009, noted one respondent.
Reproduction and discretion
Marriage, procreation and the Chinese philosophy of striving for harmony, ensure that Chinese gay men or lesbians or Tongzhi's as they are called, will come not currently out of the closet. Meanwhile, in China's history, there was plenty of room for homosexuality. Chinese erotic print witnesses still there always.
Gays and lesbians at this time to find a balance between their own needs and those of their parents. They will also avoid a confrontation. It involves discretion. A discretion as they are often not understood a Dutch partner. "This is the mentality of the Dutch, you must at all times stand up for yourself and stand up for yourself even if it means breaking the family ties. But for a Chinese, this is unthinkable. " Moreover find Chinese gay and lesbians that their identity out of more than just their sexual identity. But the social control in the Chinese community also plays a not to be underestimated role in it will not come as gay. Gay men want their parents to save the gossip. Often homosexuality even considered a psychiatric disorder.
Mental disorder
The position of Chinese homosexuals is actually the worst compared with that of the other ethnic minorities groups. They identify with indigenous or immigrant gay organizations and seek their information online. One bright spot seems to be the fact that gay couples now even children can take. Having children is indeed as particularly important given by Leslie Cheung Chinese. As for the Turkish community, the change seems to have come from the country of origin, even this is possible for the Chinese community in the Netherlands and China. Since 2001, China namely removed homosexuality from the list of disorders. But that does not say anything. Great was the astonishment when the major movie star Leslie Cheung, including Farewell to my Concubine, the Mandarin Hotel jump. Li was gay and suffered from depression.
In 2008 organized the COC and the Inspraakorgaan Chinese in the framework of the Dialogue Project a number of meetings to discuss homosexuality. Most Chinese participants indicated they have no major objections to homosexuality as long as it did not relate to their own children. "I think they are ashamed when it concerns their own son or daughter. Not because they find it very, but more because they get a lot of crap from people you know. [...]. It seems they commentary from the outside world is more important than the happiness of their children. " It is an observation that seems to apply to many migrant communities.
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